Abstraction phase is not available in SDLC - Software Specification & Measurement

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• Nirja Shah   -Posted on 05 Oct 15
  Abstraction
  - It is the act of representing essential features without including the background details or explanations.
  - In the computer science and software engineering domain, the abstraction principle is used to reduce complexity and allow efficient design and implementation of complex software systems.
  - Some areas of software design and implementation where the abstraction principle is applied include programming languages (mainly in object-oriented programming languages), specification languages, control abstraction, data abstraction and the architecture of software systems.
  
  - Abstraction is not a phase of SDLC.
  
  - SDLC has six phases, they are as follows:
  
  1. Requirement gathering and analysis
  - In this phase the business requirements are gathered.
  - This phase is the main focus of the project managers and stake holders.
  - Meetings with managers, stake holders and users are held in order to determine the requirements like; Who is going to use the system? How will they use the system? What data should be input into the system? What data should be output by the system?
  - These general questions are answered during this phase.
  - After gathering these requirements they are analyzed for their validity and the possibility of incorporating the requirements in the system to be development is also studied.
  - Finally, a Requirement Specification document is created which serves the purpose of guideline for the next phase of the model.
  
  2. Design
  - In this phase the system and software design is prepared from the requirement specifications which were studied in the first phase.
  - System Design helps in specifying hardware and system requirements and also helps in defining the overall system architecture.
  - The system design specifications serve as input for the next phase of the model.
  
  3. Implementation / Coding
  - On receiving system design documents, the work is divided in modules/units and actual coding is started.
  - This phase is important for the developers as it is his duty to do the coding properly.
  - This is the longest phase of the software development life cycle.
  
  4. Testing
  - After the code is developed it is tested against the requirements to make sure that the product is actually solving the needs addressed and gathered during the requirements phase.
  - During this phase unit testing, integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing are done.
  
  5. Deployment
  - After successful testing the product is delivered / deployed to the customer for their use.
  
  6. Maintenance
  - Once when the customers starts using the developed system then the actual problems comes up and needs to be solved from time to time.
  - This process where the care is taken for the developed product is known as maintenance.

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