Database must be opened by using a text-based parameter file - Oracle Control Files

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• Nirja Shah   -Posted on 30 Sep 15
  - You use the CREATE SPFILE statement to create a server parameter file.
  
  - You must have the SYSDBA or the SYSOPER system privilege to execute this statement.
  
  - When you use the Database Configuration Assistant to create a database, it automatically creates a server parameter file for you.
  
  - The CREATE SPFILE statement can be executed before or after instance startup.
  
  - However, if the instance has been started using a server parameter file, an error is raised if you attempt to re-create the same server parameter file that is currently being used by the instance.
  
  - You can create a server parameter file (SPFILE) from an existing text initialization parameter file or from memory.
  
  - Creating the SPFILE from memory means copying the current values of initialization parameters in the running instance to the SPFILE.
  
  - Whether you use the default SPFILE name and default location or specify an SPFILE name and location, if an SPFILE of the same name already exists in the location, it is overwritten without a warning message.
  
  - When you create an SPFILE from a text initialization parameter file, comments specified on the same lines as a parameter setting in the initialization parameter file are maintained in the SPFILE.
  
  - All other comments are ignored.
  
  - Oracle recommends that you allow the database to give the SPFILE the default name and store it in the default location.
  
  - This eases administration of your database.
  
  - For example, the STARTUP command assumes this default location to read the SPFILE.

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