Encapsulation - Definition - Objects Design

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• Nirja Shah   -Posted on 16 Oct 15
  Object Oriented Design
  
  - This design works around the entities and their characteristics instead of functions involved in the software system.
  
  - This design strategies focuses on entities and its characteristics. The whole concept of software solution revolves around the engaged entities.
  
  - The important concepts of Object Oriented Design:
  
  Objects
  - All entities involved in the solution design are known as objects.
  - For example, person, banks, company and customers are treated as objects.
  - Every entity has some attributes associated to it and has some methods to perform on the attributes.
  
  Classes
  - A class is a generalized description of an object.
  - An object is an instance of a class.
  - Class defines all the attributes, which an object can have and methods, which defines the functionality of the object.
  - In the solution design, attributes are stored as variables and functionalities are defined by means of methods or procedures.
  
  Encapsulation
  - In OOD, the attributes (data variables) and methods (operation on the data) are bundled together is called encapsulation.
  - Encapsulation not only bundles important information of an object together, but also restricts access of the data and methods from the outside world.
  - This is called information hiding.
  
  Inheritance
  - OOD allows similar classes to stack up in hierarchical manner where the lower or sub-classes can import, implement and re-use allowed variables and methods from their immediate super classes.
  - This property of OOD is known as inheritance.
  - This makes it easier to define specific class and to create generalized classes from specific ones.
  
  Polymorphism
  - OOD languages provide a mechanism where methods performing similar tasks but vary in arguments, can be assigned same name.
  - This is called polymorphism, which allows a single interface performing tasks for different types.
  - Depending upon how the function is invoked, respective portion of the code gets executed.

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