Engineering and scientific software is characterized by "Number Crunching" Algorithms

Discussion

• Nirja Shah   -Posted on 12 Oct 15
  Engineering and Scientific Software
  - Engineering and scientific software has been characterized by "number crunching" algorithms.
  - Applications range from astronomy to volcanology, from automotive stress analysis to space shuttle orbital dynamics and from molecular biology to automated manufacturing.
  - However, new applications within the engineering/scientfic area are moving away from conventional numerical algorithms.
  - Computer-aided design (CAD), system simulation and other interactive applications have begun to take on real-time and even system software characteristics.
  
  Embedded Software
  - Intelligent products have become commonplace in nearly every consumer and industrial market.
  - Embedded software resides in read-only memory and is used to control products and systems for the consumer and industrial markets.
  - Embedded software can perform very limited and esoteric functions or provide significant function and control capabilities.
  
  System software
  - It is a collection of programs written to service other programs.
  - Some system software process complex but determinate information structures.
  - Other system applications process largely in determine data.
  - In either case, the system software area is characterized by heavy interaction with computer hardware heavy usage by multiple users concurrent operation that requires scheduling, resource sharing and sophisticated process management complex data structures and multiple external interfaces.
  
  Artificial Intelligence Software
  - This software makes use of nonnumerical algorithms to solve complex problems that are not amenable to computation of straight forward analysis.
  - Currently, the most active AI area is expert systems also called knowledge-based systems.
  - However, other application areas for AI software are pattern recognition,theorem proving and game playing.
  - In recent years, a new branch of AI software called artificial neural networks has evolved.
  - A neural network simulates the structure of brain processes and many ultimately lead to new class of software that can recognize complex patterns and learn from the past experience.

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