Switching regulator that has a distinct characteristic of generating the output voltage always less than input voltage

Q.  Which kind of switching regulator has a distinct characteristic of generating the output voltage always less than input voltage where the variations in output voltage can be undertaken by adjusting duty-cycle of transistor?
- Published on 20 Oct 15

a. Step- Up Regulator
b. Step-Down Regulator
c. Inverting Regulator
d. None of the above

ANSWER: Step-Down Regulator
 
Non-inverting Regulator

The output voltage in step-down regulator mainly depends on input voltage and pulse-width. Pulse width refers to ON time of transistor. With an increase in ON-time relative to OFF-time, charging capacity of capacitor increases by simultaneously increasing the output voltage & vice-versa. Hence, a wide range of variation can be observed in output voltage by adjusting the duty-cycle ( the ratio of TON / T ) of the transistor by,

VOUT = Vin (TON / T)

where, the 'T' represents the period of ON-OFF cycle of transistor & has a reciprocal relative significance with the frequency in the form of T = 1 / f

Also, Total T = TON + TOFF & hence the ratio of TON / T is precisely known as 'Duty Cycle'.

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