What are features of PESA Act, 1996?
Q. Which is/are true regarding features of PESA Act, 1996?
1) Gram Sabha shall identify beneficiaries under poverty alleviation programs.
2) The recommendations of the Gram Sabha is mandatory prior to grant of prospecting license for minor minerals.
3) Gram Sabha owns minor forest produce.
4) Every Panchayat at the village level shall be required to obtain from the Gram Sabha a certification of utilisation of funds.- Published on 10 Mar 17a. 1, 2 and 3
b. 1, 2 and 4
c. 2, 3 and 4
d. All of the above
ANSWER: All of the above
Features/provisions) of the PESA Act, 1996 are -
a) A State legislation on the Panchayats that may be made shall be in consonance with the customary law, social and religious practices and traditional management practices of community resources.
b) A village shall ordinarily consist of a habitation or a group of habitations or a hamlet or a group of hamlets comprising a community and managing its affairs in accordance with traditions and customs.
c) Every village shall have a Gram Sabha consisting of persons whose names are included in the electoral rolls for the Panchayat at the village level.
d) Every Gram Sabha shall be competent to safeguard and preserve the traditions and customs of the people, their cultural identity, community resources and the customary mode of dispute resolution.
e) Every Gram Sabha shall -
1. approve of the plans, programmes and projects for social and economic development before such plans, programmes and projects are taken up for implementation by the Panchayat at the village level;
2. be responsible for the identification or selection of persons as beneficiaries under the poverty alleviation and other programmes;
f) Every Panchayat at the village level shall be required to obtain from the Gram Sabha a certification of utilisation of funds by that Panchayat for the plans, programmes and projects referred to in clause(e).
g) The reservation of seats in the Scheduled Areas at every Panchayat shall be in proportion to the population of the communities in that Panchayat for whom reservation is sought to be given under Part IX of the Constitution; Provided that the reservation for the Scheduled Tribes shall not be less than one-half of the total number of seats; Provided further that all seats of Chairpersons of Panchayats at all levels shall be reserved for the Scheduled Tribes.
h) The State Government may nominate persons belonging to such Scheduled Tribes as have no representation in the Panchayat at the intermediate level or the Panchayat at the district level; Provided that such nomination shall not exceed one-tenth of the total members to be elected in that Panchayat.
i) The Gram Sabha or the Panchayats at the appropriate level shall be consulted before making the acquisition of land in the Scheduled Areas for development projects and before resettling or rehabilitating persons affected by such projects in the Scheduled Areas; the actual planning and implementation of the projects in the Scheduled Areas shall be coordinated at the State level.
j) Planning and management of minor water bodies in the Scheduled Areas shall be entrusted to Panchayats at the appropriate level.
k) The recommendations of the Gram Sabha or the Panchayats at the appropriate level shall be made mandatory prior to grant of prospecting license or mining lease for minor minerals in the Scheduled Areas.
l) The prior recommendation of the Gram Sabha or the Panchayats at the appropriate level shall be made mandatory for grant of concession for the exploitation of minor minerals by auction.
m) While endowing Panchayats in the Scheduled Areas with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government, a State Legislature shall ensure that the Panchayats at the appropriate level and the Gram Sabha are endowed specifically with -
1. the power to enforce prohibition or to regulate or restrict the sale and consumption of any intoxicant;
2. the ownership of minor forest produce;
3. the power to prevent alienation of land in the Scheduled Areas and to take appropriate action to restore any unlawfully alienated land of a Scheduled Tribe;
4. the power to manage village markets by whatever name called;
5. the power to exercise control over money lending to the Scheduled Tribes;
6. the power to exercise control over institutions and functionaries in all social sectors;
7. the power to control over local plans and resources for such plans including tribal sub-plans.
n) The State Legislations that may endow Panchayats with powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as institutions of self-government, shall contain safeguards to ensure that Panchayats at the higher level do not assume the powers and authority of any Panchayat at the lower level or of the Gram Sabha.
o) The State Legislature shall endeavour to follow the pattern of the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution while designing the administrative arrangements in the Panchayats at district levels in the Scheduled Areas.
p) At the expiry of one year from the date on which this Act receives the assent of the President, any provision of any law (relating to Panchayats in the Scheduled Areas) which is inconsistent with the provisions of this Act shall cease to be in force.
q) But, all the Panchayats existing immediately before such date shall continue till the expiration of their duration unless sooner dissolved by state legislature.
