Which amendment protects laws from judicial review?
Q. Which constitutional amendment added the ninth schedule?- Published on 23 Feb 17a. 3rd, 1954
b. 8th, 1960
c. 7th, 1956
d. 1st, 1951
ANSWER: 1st, 1951
First Amendment Act, 1951 -
1. Empowered the state to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and economically backward classes.
2. Provided for the saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.
3. Added 9th Schedule to protect the land reform and other laws included in it from the judicial review.
4. Added three more grounds of restrictions on freedom of speech and expression, viz., public order, friendly relations with foreign states and incitement to an offence. Also, made the restrictions ‘reasonable’ and thus, justiciable in nature.
5. Provided that state trading and nationalization of any trade or business by the state is not to be invalid on the ground of violation of the right to trade or business.
- However, all laws placed under the 9th Schedule after 24 April, 1973 are open to challenge in court if they violate basic structure of the constitution.
- The 6th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1956 included a new subject in the Union list i.e., taxes on the sale and purchase of goods in the course of inter-state trade and commerce and restricted the state’s power in this regard.
