Which Directive Principles were later added?
Q. Which of the following Directive Principles were added later?
1) Promote the educational and economic interests of SCs, STs, etc.
2) Minimize inequalities in income.
3) Secure the participation of workers in the management.- Published on 21 Feb 17a. 2, 3
b. 1, 2
c. 1,3
d. All the above
ANSWER: 2, 3
- Liberal-Intellectual Principles - The principles included in this category represent the ideology of liberalism.
They direct the state -
1. To secure for all citizens a uniform civil code throughout the country (Article 44).
2. To provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years (Article 45).
3. To organize agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines (Article 48).
4. To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wild life (Article 48 A).
5. To protect monuments, places and objects of artistic or historic interest which are declared to be of national importance (Article 49).
6. To separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State (Article 50).
7. To promote international peace and security and maintain just and honourable relations between nations; to foster respect for international law and treaty obligations, and to encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration (Article 51).
New Directive Principles -
- The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added four new Directive Principles to the original list.
They require the State -
1. To secure opportunities for healthy development of children (Article 39).
2. To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor (Article 39 A).
3. To take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of industries (Article 43 A).
4. To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wild life (Article 48 A).
- The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 added one more Directive Principle, which requires the State to minimize inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunities (Article 38).
- The 86th Amendment Act of 2002 changed the subject-matter of Article 45 and made elementary education a fundamental right under Article 21 A.
- The amended directive requires the State to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.
- The 97th Amendment Act of 2011 added a new Directive Principle relating to co-operative societies.
- It requires the state to promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control and professional management of co-operative societies (Article 43B).
