1) Which of the following are Sufi Saints in India?
1) Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki
2) Nizamuddin Auliya
3) Bahauddin Zakariya
4) Shihabuddin Suhrawardi
a. 1, 2 and 4
b. 2 and 4
c. 3 and 4
d. All of the above
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Explanation
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ANSWER: All of the above
Explanation:
The most famous of the Sufi saints of India was Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti, who settled in Ajmer which became the centre of his activities. Another well known Sufi saint was Bahauddin Zakariya who came under the influence of another famous mystic Shihabuddin Suhrawardi. His branch of Sufi saints was known as the Sufis of the Suhrawardi Order. Yet another famous Sufi saint of Chisti Order was Nizamuddin Auliya, who was a mighty spiritual force.
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2) Sufism stressed on
1) Fasting
2) Devotion
3) Service to humanity
4) Inner purity
5) Spirit of tolerance
6) Pir
a. Only 2, 3, 5 and 6
b. Only 2, 3, 4 and 5
c. Only 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
d. All of the above
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Explanation
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ANSWER: All of the above
Explanation:
Sufism stressed the elements of love and devotion as effective means of the realization of God. Sufis believed service to humanity was tantamount to service to God. In Sufism, self discipline was considered an essential condition to gain knowledge of God by sense of perception. While orthodox Muslims emphasize external conduct, the Sufis lay stress on inner purity. According to them one must have the guidance of a pir or guru, without which spiritual development is impossible. Sufism also inculcated a spirit of tolerance among its followers. Other ideas emphasized by Sufism are meditation, good actions, repentance for sins, performance of prayers and pilgrimages, fasting, charity and suppression of passions by ascetic practices.
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3) Guru Nanak is the disciple of
a. Surdas
b. Tulsidas
c. Kabir
d. Ramananda
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ANSWER: Kabir
Explanation:
Guru Nanak is founder of the Sikh religion. His life was dedicated to establishing harmony between Hindus and Muslims. His followers were known as Sikhs.
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4) The founder of the Bhakti Movement in Maharashtra was
a. Tukaram
b. Dnyaneshwar
c. Eknath
d. Namdev
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ANSWER: Dnyaneshwar
Explanation:
Dnyaneshwar was the founder of the Bhakti Movement in Maharashtra in the thirteenth century. It was called Maharashtra dharma. He wrote a commentary of Bhagavat Gita called Dnyaneshwari.
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5) Which of the following statement/s is/are correct?
1) Surdas was the disciple of Vallabhacharya.
2) Vallabhacharya preached Vaishnavite Bhakti in the Telangana region.
a. Only 1
b. Only 2
c. Both 1 and 2
d. None of the above
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ANSWER: Both 1 and 2
Explanation:
Nimbarka and Vallabhacharya were preachers of Vaishnavite Bhakti in the Telangana region. Surdas was the disciple of Vallabhacharya and he popularized Krishna cult in north India.
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6) In the thirteenth century, Madhava from Kannada region propagated
a. Advaita
b. Dvaita
c. Nirgunabrahman
d. Both a and c
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ANSWER: Dvaita
Explanation:
He propagated Dvaita or dualism of Jivatma and Paramatma. According to his philosophy, the world is not an illusion but a reality. God, soul, matter are unique in nature.
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7) Who was the first to employ the vernacular medium to propagate his ideas?
a. Kabir
b. Ramanuja
c. Ramananda
d. Guru Nanak
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ANSWER: Ramananda
Explanation:
He was the first to employ the vernacular medium to propagate his ideas. Simplification of worship and emancipation of people from the traditional caste rules were his two important contributions to the Bhakti movement.
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8) Nirgunabrahman as proposed in Advaita philosophy of Shankara means
a. Worship of an abstract form of God
b. Worshipping specific deity
c. Worshipping sacred texts
d. Emphasis on rituals in worshipping God.
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ANSWER: Worship of an abstract form of God
Explanation:
At a different level, historians of religion often classify bhakti traditions into two broad categories: saguna (with attributes) and nirguna (without attributes). The former included traditions that focused on the worship of specific deities such as Shiva, Vishnu and his avatars (incarnations) and forms of the goddess or Devi, all often conceptualized in anthropomorphic forms. Nirguna bhakti on the other hand was worship of an abstract form of god.
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9) Which of the following foreign traveler/travelers visited the Vijaynagar Empire?
1) Ibn Battuta
2) Nicolo de Conti
3) Abdur Razzak
4) Domingo Paes
a. Only 1
b. Only 1 and 3
c. Only 1, 2 and 3
d. All of the above
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Explanation
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ANSWER: All of the above
Explanation:
The Moroccan traveler, Ibn Battuta, Venetian traveler Nicolo de Conti, Persian traveler Abdur Razzak and the Portuguese traveler Domingo Paes were among them who left valuable accounts on the socio-economic conditions of the Vijayanagar Empire.
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10) Which of the following is considered a pre-cursor to Taj Mahal?
a. Humayun’s tomb
b. Akbar’s tomb
c. Jama Masjid
d. Mausoleum at Sasaram
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ANSWER: Humayun’s tomb
Explanation:
During Akbar’s reign, the Humayun’s tomb was built at Delhi and it had a massive dome of marble. It may be considered the precursor of the Taj Mahal.
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11) Ain-i-Akbari and Akbar Nama are authored by
a. Malik Muhammad Jayasi
b. Firdausi
c. Abdul Lahori
d. Abul Fazl
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ANSWER: Abul Fazl
Explanation:
Ain-i-Akbari and Akabar Nama are authored by Abul Fazl. Abul Faizi was Abul Fazl’s brother. Abul Fazl and Abul Faizi are not the sons of Akbar. Both of them were the sons of an intellectual giant Shaikh Mubarak. The three of them were in close association with Akbar.
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12) Foundation for the Mughal painting was laid by
a. Babar
b. Humayun
c. Akbar
d. Jahangir
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ANSWER: Humayun
Explanation:
The foundation for the Mughal painting was laid by Humayun when he was staying in Persia. The foundation for the Mughal painting was laid by Humayun when he was staying in Persia.
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13) Which of the following statement/s is/are correct?
1) The pietra dura method which involves construction wholly of white marble with floral designs made of semi-precious stones on the wall was used in the Taj Mahal.
2) The method was first time used in India while constructing the Taj Mahal.
a. Only 1
b. Only 2
c. Both 1 and 2
d. None of the above
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Explanation
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ANSWER: Only 1
Explanation:
The method was used by Nur Jahan to build the tomb of Itimaddaulah at Agra. Then it was used on large scale for the Taj Mahal.
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14) Who built the Mausoleum at Sasaram in Bihar and the Purana Qila near Delhi?
a. Akbar
b. Sher Shah
c. Shah Jahan
d. Jahangir
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Explanation
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ANSWER: Sher Shah
Explanation:
During the reign of Sher Shah, the mausoleum at Sasaram in Bihar and the Purana Qila near Delhi were built. These two monuments are considered as the architectural marvels of medieval India.
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15) Who wrote the famous Hindi work Padmavat?
a. Inayat Khan
b. Abul Fazl
c. Surdas
d. Malik Muhammad Jayasi
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ANSWER: Malik Muhammad Jayasi
Explanation:
It was written during reign of Sher Shah. In 1303 Alauddin stormed the Chittor fort. The Rajput women including Rani Padmini performed jauhar. This Padmini episode was graphically mentioned in the book Padmavath written by Jayasi. Jauhar is self-immolation.
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16) The chief characteristics of the Vijayanagara architecture were
1) Ardhamandapa
2) Gopurams
3) Garbhgriha
4) Kalyanamandapam
a. Only 1, 2 and 3
b. Only 2 and 4
c. Only 1 and 2
d. All of the above
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Explanation
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ANSWER: Only 2 and 4
Explanation:
The chief characteristics of the Vijayanagara architecture were the construction of tall Raya Gopurams or gateways and the Kalyanamandapam with carved pillars in the temple premises. The sculptures on the pillars were carved with distinctive features. The horse was the most common animal found in these pillars. Large mandapams contain one hundred pillars as well as one thousand pillars in some big temples. These mandapams were used for seating the deity on festival occasions.
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17) Which of the following statement/s is/are correct?
1) Mosque building had reached its peak during Jahangir’s reign.
2) The Moti Masjid at Agra was built entirely in red stone; while the Jama Masjid at Delhi was built in white marble similar to the Taj Mahal.
a. Only 1
b. Only 2
c. Both 1 and 2
d. None of the above
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Explanation
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ANSWER: None of the above
Explanation:
Mosque building had reached its peak during Shah Jahan’s reign. The Moti Masjid at Agra was built entirely in white marble (Like the Taj Mahal). The Jama Masjid at Delhi was built in red stone.
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18) Which of the following statement/s is/are correct?
1) Ramanuja, who was born in the twelfth century, preached Visishtadvaita.
2) As per the Advaita philosophy, he considered God as Nirgunabrahman (God without attributes).
a. Only 1
b. Only 2
c. Both 1 and 2
d. None of the above
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Explanation
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ANSWER: Only 1
Explanation:
According to him God is Sagunabrahman (God with attributes). The creative process and all the objects in creation are real but not illusory as was held by Sankaracharya. Therefore, God, soul, matter are real. But God is inner substance and the rest are his attributes. He also advocated prabattimarga or path of self-surrender to God. He invited the downtrodden to Vaishnavism.
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19) Which of the following statement/s is/are correct with regards to impact of the Bhakti movement?
1) Position of women was raised
2) Removed caste system
3) Provided an impetus for the development of regional languages
4) Hindu Muslim Unity
a. Only 2, 3 and 4
b. Only 2 and 4
c. Only 1, 3 and 4
d. All of the above
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Explanation
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ANSWER: Only 1, 3 and 4
Explanation:
Through regional languages they made direct appeal to the masses. They condemned the caste system and included all people, thus increasing the importance of lower castes. Bhakti movement gave equal importance to them. They gave to the people a simple religion, without complicated rituals. They were required to show sincere devotion to God.
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20) Which Mughal emperor was an accomplished Veena player?
a. Jahangir
b. Akbar
c. Aurangazeb
d. Shah Jahan
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ANSWER: Aurangazeb
Explanation:
He banished singing from his court but not playing musical instruments. Music in all forms continued to be patronized by his queens and so largest number of books on classical music were translated into Persian during his reign.
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21) Which of the following was/were the reason/reasons for stagnation of Indian Science in the Medieval Period?
1) Rigid society
2) Tendency of Indians to isolate themselves from main currents of scientific thought outside India
3) Narrow outlook of society
4) Religious orthodoxy
a. Only 2, 3 and 4
b. Only 2 and 4
c. Only 1, 2 and 3
d. All of the above
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Explanation
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ANSWER: All of the above
Explanation:
Urban life and communication had taken a setback. Also Most of rulers focused on immediate problems and own wish rather than what is important for the future as a whole. Increasing concern with religious and spiritual matters put a setback to scientific growth.
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22) Devdasis are
a. Women slaves dedicated to dancing
b. Women dedicated to service of Gods
c. Dancing girls in Court of the King who was considered embodiment of God himself
d. Women in service of the King who was considered embodiment of God himself
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Explanation
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ANSWER: Women dedicated to service of Gods
Explanation:
They performed ceremonial dances on occasions in the temple.
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23) The book Lilawati is regarding
a. Mathematics
b. A love story of common girl
c. Physics
d. Devotional text of the Shakti worshippers
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Explanation
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ANSWER: Mathematics
Explanation:
Lilawati written by Bhaskar II. It remained a standard text In Mathematics for a long time.
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24) The Bhakti movement was started by
a. Shankara
b. Ramanada
c. Alvars
d. Sufi teachers
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ANSWER: Alvars
Explanation:
Bhakti cult rose during the seventh and eight centuries. The Saivaite Nayanars and Vaishnavaite Alvars preached the Bhakti cult under the Pallavas, Pandyas and Cholas. But, the spread of Bhakti movement in medieval India is a different kind. This medieval Bhakti movement was the direct result of the influence of the spread of Islam in India. Monotheism or belief in one God, equality and brotherhood of man and rejection of rituals and class divisions are the distinctive characteristics of Islam. These Islamic ideas created a profound impact on the religious leaders of this period. Moreover, the preaching of Sufi teachers shaped the thinking of Bhakti reformers like Ramananda, Kabir and Nanak.
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25) Sankara’s philosophy of Advaitvada or doctrine of non-dualism is also known as
a. Vedanta
b. Uttar Mimansa
c. Upanishad
d. Sagunabrahman
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ANSWER: Vedanta
Explanation:
According to him God and created world is one. This is Nirgunabrahman. The way forward to salvation was devotion to God, strengthened by knowledge that God and the created beings were one and the same. He upheld Vedas as the foundation of true knowledge.According to him God and created world is one. This is Nirgunabrahman. The way forward to salvation was devotion to God, strengthened by knowledge that God and the created beings were one and the same. He upheld Vedas as the foundation of true knowledge.According to him God and created world is one. This is Nirgunabrahman. The way forward to salvation was devotion to God, strengthened by knowledge that God and the created beings were one and the same. He upheld Vedas as the foundation of true knowledge.
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