1) Acidification is
a. Increase of pH from any given level of pH
b. Lowering of pH below 7
c. Lowering of pH from any given level of pH
d. Increase of pH above 7
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: Lowering of pH from any given level of pH
Explanation:
Acidification is direction of travel i.e. lowering of pH denotes acidification. The starting point can be any value of pH on the pH scale.
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2) Match the following conventions with their purpose.
1) MARPOL Convention --------------- Pollution of marine environment by ships from various causes
2) Basel Convention ------------------- Movement of hazardous wastes across international borders
3) Global Programme of Action ---- Protect all ecosystems from pollution, wastes, etc
4) London Dumping Convention---- Dumping of any waste near residential areas
a. Only 1 and 3
b. Only 2
c. Only 2, 3 and 4
d. Only 4
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: Only 2
Explanation:
London Dumping Convention prohibits dumping of any waste into the ocean. It also prohibits export of wastes for the purpose of dumping. UNEP has initiated Global Programme of Action to protect marine environment from land-based activities.
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3) Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) is set up under
a. Water (Prevention and Control of pollution Act)
b. Air (Prevention and Control of pollution Act)
c. Environment Protection Act
d. Wildlife (Protection) Act
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: Water (Prevention and Control of pollution Act)
Explanation:
The provisions of water and air acts are implemented by CPCB along with State boards. The state boards can specify air pollution control areas and set standards for vehicle emissions.
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4) Match the following processes with their purpose.
1) Incinerator ----------------------- Burning of combustible solid waste
2) Scrubber -------------------------- Scrubs carbon deposited by gases emitted by industrial processes
3) Electrostatic Precipitator ----- Use of electrodes for waste treatment
a. Only 1 and 2
b. Only 2 and 3
c. Only 3
d. None of the above
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: None of the above
Explanation:
Incinerator and Electrostatic Precipitator are correctly matched. Scrubbers are wet collectors. They remove aerosols from a stream of gas either by collecting wet particles on a surface followed by their removal, or else the particles are wetted by a scrubbing liquid.
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5) Which of the following is the correct arrangement of items in the increasing order of time period needed by them to biodegrade?
a. Paper < Orange peel < Aluminium and Tin Cans < Glass and Plastic Bottles
b. Orange peel < Paper < Aluminium and Tin Cans < Glass and Plastic Bottles
c. Paper < Orange peel < Glass and Plastic Bottles < Aluminium and Tin Cans
d. Orange peel < Paper < Aluminium and Tin Cans < Glass and Plastic Bottles
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: Paper < Orange peel < Aluminium and Tin Cans < Glass and Plastic Bottles
Explanation:
Paper = 2 - 5months; Orange peel = 6 months; Aluminium and Tin Cans = 80 - 100 years; Glass and Plastic Bottles = Forever!
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6) Which of the following contain the toxic dioxins?
1) Formed on Burning wastes, plastics, coal, etc.
2) Formed when petrol not fully burnt
3) Waste from Industries
a. Only 1
b. Only 1 and 2
c. Only 3
d. All of the above
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: All of the above
Explanation:
They are toxic chemical compounds. They are also released when we burn cigarettes. Such dioxins are deposited on plants, soil and water and thus get into our food.
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7) Match the following chemical substances with the adverse effects they cause on human body.
1) PCBs ------------------- Nervous disorders
2) Mercury --------------- Dropsy
3) Dioxins ---------------- Cancer
4) Asbestos -------------- Respiratory problems
a. Only 3 and 4
b. Only 2, 3 and 4
c. Only 2 and 3
d. All of the above
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: All of the above
Explanation:
PCBs also cause cancer. Other major pollutant is Lead which causes paralysis, blindness, displexia and even death. Mercury can damage nervous system too. Mercury causes Minamata disease in humans and dropsy in fishes.
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8) Which of the following are wastes from power plants?
1) Fly ash
2) Radioactive Wastes
3) Smoke
4) Oil
5) Hot Water
a. Only 1, 2 and 4
b. Only 1, 2, 3 and 5
c. Only 2, 3, 4 and 5
d. All of the above
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: Only 1, 2, 3 and 5
Explanation:
Hot water leads to Thermal Pollution. Smoke and fly ash are emitted through chimneys. Nuclear plants also give out nuclear wastes along with hot water and smoke.
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9) Power plants discharge used hot water into rivers, streams, etc. This is Thermal pollution. This leads to
1) Thermal Stress
2) Decrease in dissolved oxygen
3) Decrease in swimming efficiency
a. Only 2
b. Only 1
c. Only 1 and 3
d. All of the above
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: All of the above
Explanation:
Discharge of hot water in water body affects feeding in fish, increases their metabolism and affects their growth. Their swimming efficiency declines. Running away from predators or chasing prey becomes difficult. Their resistance to diseases and parasites decreases. Due to thermal pollution biological diversity is reduced.
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10) Which of the following are pollutants from automobile exhausts?
1) Nitrogen dioxide
2) Carbon dioxide
3) Carbon monoxide
4) Sulphur Dioxide
5) Suspended Particulate Matter
a. Only 1, 2 and 3
b. Only 1, 3, 4 and 5
c. Only 1, 2, 3 and 5
d. All of the above
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: Only 1, 2, 3 and 5
Explanation:
Sulphur compounds are given out by power plants and refineries and volcanic eruptions. Hydrocarbons and lead are also given out by automobiles.
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11) Radiation pollution is in the increase. Which radiations are considered pollutants?
a. Non - ionizing radiations
b. Ionizing radiations
c. Both Ionizing and Non - ionizing radiations
d. Background radiation
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: Ionizing radiations
Explanation:
We live in an environment of natural radiations there is a certain amount of radioactive radiations almost everywhere on the earth. These are only rarely harmful as the radiation level is generally quite low. This small level of radioactive radiation which is present everywhere is called the background radiation. The ionizing radiations cause damage to biological systems and are, therefore, pollutants. They ionize atoms and molecules.
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12) Which of the following zones are correctly matched with their permitted noise level?
1) Industrial --------- 90 dB
2) Commercial ----- 75 dB
3) Residential ------- Silence Zone
4) Courts ------------- 55 dB
a. Only 1 and 2
b. Only 2 and 3
c. Only 3
d. None of the above
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: None of the above
Explanation:
Noise Regulation Rules under the Environment Protection Act, 1986 regulate noise levels in industrial (75 dB), commercial (65 dB) and residential zones (55 dB). It also establishes zone of silence (100m) near schools, courts, hospitals, etc.
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13) Apart from hearing loss, effects produced by excessive noise / noise
pollution are
1) Migraine headaches
2) Heart Palpitation
3) Dizziness
4) Nausea
5) Gastric Ulcers
a. Only 1, 2 and 3
b. Only 1, 2, 3 and 4
c. Only 4 and 5
d. All of the above
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: All of the above
Explanation:
Noise also leads to irritation and annoyance. Noise also causes serious damages to wildlife affecting their hearing, their ability to avoid predators, behavioural effects, etc.
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14) The level at which sound becomes physically painful is
a. Above 95 dB
b. Above 65 dB
c. Above 80 dB
d. Above 90 dB
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: Above 80 dB
Explanation:
Noise level is measured in terms of decibels (dB). A modifies scale called decibel – A (dbA) takes pitch into account. W.H.O. (World Health Organization) has prescribed optimum noise level as 45 dB by day and 35 dB by night. Anything above 80 dB is hazardous.
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15) The RO method of water purification uses which of the following method to purify water?
a. Water is passed through low intensity UV radiations.
b. A semi - permeable membrane is used.
c. Water is boiled, passed through UV radiations and then cooled again.
d. Chemicals are used for filtration and purification.
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: A semi - permeable membrane is used.
Explanation:
In Reverse Osmosis or RO method, water is forced through a semi - permeable membrane. This filters unwanted substances. It uses no chemicals and can be used to desalinate seawater. The membranes however need to be manufactured and later disposed off.
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16) The Bharat III norms are regarding
a. Automobile emissions
b. Air and Water pollutants' emissions
c. Waste treatment standards
d. Industrial emissions
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: Automobile emissions
Explanation:
These are modeled along the European Union norms – Euro norms. Bharat III norms for passenger cars are effective in metros and big cities. Rest of the country has shifted to Bharat II norms.
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17) Which of the following are primary air pollutants?
1) Ozone
2) Methane
3) Benzene
4) Particulate Matter
5) Oxides of Nitrogen
a. Only 1, 3, 4 and 5
b. Only 1, 2, 4 and 5
c. Only 2, 3, 4 and 5
d. All of the above
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: Only 2, 3, 4 and 5
Explanation:
Primary air pollutants are – Particulate matter (both solid and liquid suspensions), Oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur, hydrocarbons like methane and benzene, etc. Secondary air pollutants are – ozone, sulphur trioxide, etc.
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18) Which of the following are effects of water pollution?
1) Eutrophication
2) Biomagnification
3) Water borne diseases
4) Thermal stress
5) Biochemical oxygen demand decreases
a. Only 1, 3, 4 and 5
b. Only 1, 2, 3 and 4
c. Only 1, 3 and 4
d. All of the above
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: Only 1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation:
Chemicals in water are eaten by organisms. These organisms are then eaten by others thus leading to biomagnifications. Also due to excessive organic water pollutants, the Biochemical oxygen demand increases leading to lack of oxygen for others in the water.
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19) Which of the following are the constituents of / involved in the formation of Photochemical Smog?
1) Ozone
2) Nitrogen oxides
3) Volatile organic compounds
4) Small amount of precipitation
a. Only 3 and 4
b. Only 2, 3 and 4
c. Only 1, 2 and 3
d. All of the above
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: Only 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
Ground level ozone is formed nitrogen oxides from emissions react with volatile organic compounds in the presence of sunlight. Ozone is one of the primary components of Smog.
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20) Which of the following statement / s is / are correct?
1) Eutrophication is excessive enrichment by nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen.
2) Eutrophication is a phenomenon exclusive to water bodies, wetlands or aquatic ecosystems.
3) Biomagnification phenomenon is seen on land based food chains as opposed to eutrophication seen in water bodies.
a. Only 1
b. Only 2 and 3
c. Only 1, 2 and 3
d. All of the above
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: Only 1
Explanation:
Eutrophication of soil is also seen. Biomagnification can also be seen in aquatic foodchains.
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21) Which of the following is not a renewable source of energy?
a. Nuclear Energy
b. Energy from Waste
c. Hydropower
d. Biomass
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: Nuclear Energy
Explanation:
Nuclear energy is non renewable as the source i.e. Uranium is non - renewable. Rest of them are renewable sources of energy.
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22) Which of the following renewable energy forms leads to air pollution?
1) Ocean thermal Energy Conversion
2) Energy from waste
3) Wind Energy
4) Geo-thermal Energy
a. Only 1, 2 and 4
b. Only 2 and 4
c. Only 1 and 2
d. None of the above
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: Only 2 and 4
Explanation:
By burning wastes in incinerators we can generate energy. When the waste is a mix of organic and non - organic material, burning it leads to air pollution. In geothermal energy, the steam contains hydrogen sulphide gas, which has the odor of rotten eggs and can cause air pollution.
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23) Which of the following renewable energy forms leads to noise pollution?
a. Wave Energy
b. Geo - thermal Energy
c. Energy from Waste
d. Wind Energy
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: Wind Energy
Explanation:
The wind farms create some noise pollution. Also hundreds of windmills lead to visual pollution. In addition the windmills could interfere with the flight of migratory birds.
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24) Which of the following statement / s is / are correct?
1) LPG consists mostly of methane.
2) CNG is suitable for cars and heavy vehicles like buses and LNG is suitable for light vehicles like two and three wheelers.
a. Only 1
b. Only 2
c. Both 1 and 2
d. None of the above
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: None of the above
Explanation:
LPG has mostly propane and butane. LNG has mostly methane. LPG is suitable for large and heavy diesel vehicles like trucks and buses. LPG, LNG and CNG are cleaner than petrol and diesel.
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25) Which of the following can be used as a biofuel?
1) Bagasse
2) Jatropha
3) Pongamia
a. Only 2
b. Only 2 and 3
c. Only 3
d. All of the above
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: All of the above
Explanation:
Indian sugar mills are rapidly turning to bagasse, the leftover of cane after it is crushed and its juice extracted, to generate electricity. Jatropha and Pongamia seeds are used to extract oil which can be used to mix in diesel.
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