Medicine, Physiology, Nobel prize - GS questions based on daily current affairs

ANSWER: 2,4

Explanation:
- The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Nobel Prize in Physics, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
- The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet awards the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- The Swedish Academy grants the Nobel Prize in Literature
- The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded by the Norwegian Nobel Committee.

ANSWER: Peace

Explanation:
The prizes in Chemistry,Literature,Physics, Economics and Physiology or Medicine are awarded in Stockholm, Sweden, except for the peace prize which is awarded in Oslo, Norway.

ANSWER: Angus Deaton

Explanation:
The Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences 2015 was awarded to Angus Deaton of Princeton University for analysis of poverty, consumption and welfare. His research linked individual choices with aggregate outcomes, helping to transform the fields of development economics, microeconomics and macroeconomics.

ANSWER: Belarus

Explanation:
- It has been half a century since a writer working primarily in non-fiction won the Nobel - and Alexievich is the first journalist to win the award.
- Her best-known works in English translation include Voices from Chernobyl, an oral history of the 1986 nuclear catastrophe; and Zinky Boys, a collection of first-hand accounts from the Soviet-Afghan war.
- Alexievich has previously won the Swedish PEN prize for her "courage and dignity as a writer

ANSWER: Svetlana Alexeivich

Explanation:
The Nobel prize for literature went to 67 year old Belarus author Svetlana Alexievich for her polyphonic writings. She is the 14th woman literature laureate. She has chronicled the biggest tragedies of Soviet Union and its collapse, WW2, Soviet war in Afghanistan, Chernobyl disaster and communism initiated suicides. Alexievich, the daughter of two school teachers lives in Minsk and supports opponents of President Alexander Lukashenko.

ANSWER: All of the above

Explanation:
Swedish scientist Tomas Lindahl, American Paul Murdoch and Turkish American scientist Aizi Sancar won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for mechanistic studies of DNA repair. Their work has provided “fundamental knowledge of how a living cell functions,” according to the Royal Swedish Academy. Their findings have been used for the development of new cancer treatments, among other things, the academy also added. Lindahl is presently an emeritus group leader at Francis Crick Institute and Emeritus director of Cancer Research at Clare Hall Laboratory in the UK.
Modrich is an researcher at Howard Hughes Medical Institute and professor at Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC. Sandra is professor of University of North Carolina School of Medicine in NC. 8 million Swedish kronor award will be handed on December 10 which the anniversary of the founder of the prize Alfred Nobel’s death in 1896.

ANSWER: Discovery of neutrino oscillations

Explanation:
- Takaaki Kajita of Japan and Arthur McDonald of Canada won the Nobel Prize in physics for the discovery of neutrino oscillations.

- Neutrinos are particles that whiz through the universe at nearly the speed of light.

- They are created in nuclear reactions, such as in the sun and the stars, or in nuclear power plants.

ANSWER: Both a and b

Explanation:
Japanese researcher Takaaki Kajita and Canadian physicist Arthur B. McDonald have won the Nobel prize in Physics 2015 for discovering neutron oscillations showing that neutrinos have mass. These are one of the fundamental particles making up the universe and subatomic particles are produced by decay of radioactive elements lacking electric charge. Researchers studying changes of identity among most abundant inhabitants in the universe have claimed this year’s prize. This discovery has solved a longstanding puzzle involving neutrinos whereby two thirds of the neutrino released in nuclear reactions was missing on earth as against the sun. As regards the whereabouts of the neutrino, neutrinos change identities and this has been suggested as a solution for the puzzle.

ANSWER: Only 2

Explanation:
- The related Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was established by Sweden's central bank in 1968.
- Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2015 will be shared by William C Campbell and Satoshi Omura jointly and by Youyou Tu .
William C Campbell and Satoshi Omura found a new way of tackling infections caused by roundworm parasites. Parasitic worms affect a third of the world's population and cause a number of illnesses, including river blindness and lymphatic filariasis.
River blindness is an eye and skin disease that ultimately leads to blindness. Lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, causes painful swelling of the limbs.
- Youyou Tu shares the prize for her discovery of a therapy against malaria.

ANSWER: All the above

Explanation:
The Abel Prize is an international prize awarded annually by the Government of Norway to one or more outstanding mathematicians.