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What is Equivalence Partitioning?Equivalence Partitioning (EP) is the process of methodically reducing the huge set of possible test cases into a much smaller but still equally effective set. The goal of EP is to reduce the set of possible test cases into a smaller, manageable set that still adequately tests the software. Since we are choosing not to test everything, we are taking on risk. So we need to be careful how to choose classes. Also note that EP is a set of test cases that test the same thing or reveal the same bug.
Example: If a students MarkSheet s/w takes numbers only from 0 to 100, we need to check that the system takes all the numbers between 0 and 100 (including both) and it does not take any other number. Now if we have to verify this, ideally we need to make sure system accepts all numbers from 0 to 100 and it does not accept any number <0 and > 100. Testing all these numbers is practically impossible because we cant test for all number from 0 to -8 and from 101 to +8. So we could partition the i/p data into 2 classes: Valid and Invalid. Where valid class would include all the numbers between 0 to 100 (including both) and invalid class would include numbers <0 and > 100. Thus, we can test for few entries from both the classes and safely say that the s/w works for all the numbers.
The input data is divided into partitions and values are chosen from each partition from which the test cases are derived to perform the test.
Example: if the valid range is 1 – 12, then this is known as a partition and the invalid partitions would be values <=0 and values >=13.
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